Hello, this is Senator
Barack Obama and today is Thursday, May 4th, 2006.
On Monday, I traveled from
D.C. to Chicago to witness a monumental event. There were 400,000
people marching on behalf of comprehensive immigration reform in
this country. There were rallies all across the country but Chicago
was one of the largest. I had the opportunity to speak to the people
who were gathering at Union Park before they marched over to Grant
Park. Four-hundred thousand people, mostly of Mexican origin, but
large numbers of people from other countries - Nigerians and Pakistanis
and Indians and Filipinos - people who've come to this country for
the same reason that immigrants have been drawn to this country
for generations: the notion that they can pursue and better life
for themselves but, most importantly, for their children, if they
work hard and apply themselves.
I think most of you are
familiar with the issues that have surrounded immigration. They've
gotten a lot of attention recently. We have a system of legal immigration
in which people are drawn through the normal processes and they
apply for legal residency and ultimately get naturalized as citizens
if they so choose. The controversy right now surrounds undocumented
workers - people who came here illegally, most of them crossing
the border between Mexico and the United States. It's estimated
at this point that we probably have 11 to 12 million undocumented
workers around the country. Most of them are employed in low-wage
backbreaking work in agricultural sectors, in packing plants, in
restaurants, in construction. Obviously, the country feels ambivalent
about this influx.
On the one hand, I think
many of us (including myself) believe that these people are doing
what any of us would do if we had an opportunity for a better life
for our kids. They take the risk of coming here; many of them are
extraordinarily impoverished and would not likely be able to get
to the United States through the limited number of visas that are
currently issued.
On the other hand, we are
a nation of laws and these people did come here outside of the law.
Economists debate what kind of effect undocumented workers have
in this country. There's no doubt that in many areas, like the agricultural
sector, these immigrants are doing work that Americans would not
do, at least at the wages that are paid. There are other circumstances
in which it is clear that employers are importing these workers
simply because they don't want to pay the living wages that Americans
demand. There is no doubt that if construction companies were willing
to pay more that they would see more U.S. workers applying for those
jobs. It does appear that undocumented workers have a somewhat adverse
effect in depressing the wages of low-skill workers, which is why
in the African-American community, for example, there is some nervousness
of about the number of undocumented workers that are coming into
this country and whether they are systematically replacing or pushing
out low-skill, low-wage black workers.
Having said all that, I
think we need to recognize that if we are going to uphold the traditions
of this country as a nation of immigrants, than we are going to
have to deal with this issue in a way that reflects common sense
and compassion.
The House of Representatives
passed a bill that was extraordinarily punitive. It talked about
border security and it made any undocumented worker in this country
a felon; it also made people who potentially helped undocumented
workers, for example, providing housing assistance or providing
a domestic violence shelter potentially subject to a felony conviction.
It's that draconian measure
that passed in the House that prompted these marches, but what started
as a march of fear on the part of many undocumented workers, I think,
has become a march for hope. People are hoping that they have an
opportunity to legalize themselves in some fashion.
In the United States Senate
there has been a bipartisan group, including myself, Ted Kennedy,
John McCain, Chuck Hagel, Mel Martinez, Ken Salazar, Lindsey Graham
and a number of others who've been trying to negotiate a comprehensive
package that would include stronger border security, making sure
that employers actually verify employment status through a tamper-proof
employee-verification card, and creation of a pathway to citizenship
- earned citizenship - for the 11 to 12 million people that are
already here. The idea would be that those people, over the course
of eleven years could earn their way to citizenship by paying a
fine, paying their back taxes (if they owe any), staying out of
trouble, learning English and so on. The opponents of this kind
of proposal call this amnesty and they hearken back to what happened
in 1986 when, in fact, undocumented workers were provided amnesty.
There was supposed to be a grand bargain where in exchange for such
amnesty there was going to be serious border security and employer
sanctions on those who had hired undocumented workers. That never
really happened. And so people who are opposed to the Senate bill
believe that the best strategy is not to provide amnesty to these
undocumented workers but simply shut off the possibility that they
can be hired, perhaps deport them where they can be rounded up and
build either a virtual wall or a literal wall along the Mexican
and United States borders. That kind of approach just isn't realistic.
We're not going to deport 11 to 12 million people; many of them
have been here for many years, many of them have strong roots, many
of them have children who were born here and are therefore United
States citizens. It's hard to imagine that we want to live in a
country where we would have police and immigration officials coming
into people's homes and taking away the father of a family, sending
him back to Mexico, leaving a mother and child behind.
This is going to be an
emotional issue. It's not going to go away any time soon. I think
what we saw in those marches is the face of a new America. America
is changing and we can't be threatened by it. We have to understand
that we are going to be better off united than divided.
When I spoke to folks at
this rally I insisted that for those undocumented workers who hope
some way to have a pathway to citizenship, they have to understand
that citizenship involves a common language, a common faith in the
country, common commitments and a common sense of purpose, fealty
to a common flag. I think there are times in these marches were
you have seen Mexican flags; there has been controversy around a
Spanish national anthem. I think that is not helpful because it
indicates that somehow the traditional pattern of immigrants assimilating
to a broader American culture is not what these marchers are seeking.
I think they have to seek that because that is the essence of this
country - that in diversity we come together as one.
On the other hand, to those
who are fearful of these immigrants, in some cases because they
have come to represent a loss of control for the country and its
borders, I would just say to them that we can't have a country in
which you have a servant class that is picking our lettuce or plucking
our chickens or looking after our children or mowing our lawns but
who never have the full rights and obligations of citizenship. That's
just not the kind of country that I want to have my children grow
up in and my hope is that over the coming months we can come up
with the kind of comprehensive, thoughtful legislation that I think
the Senate bill reflects and we can have strong border security,
we can have employers do the right thing by hiring those who are
here legally in some fashion, but that we also provide all those
families, children, elderly people and teenagers that I saw in that
amazing march on Monday the opportunity to be full members of the
American community.
Anyway, I will keep you
guys posted on this important issue and I look forward to talking
to you next week. Bye-bye.